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Injection moulding is a cyclic process that produces complex thermoplastic or thermoset parts with high repeatability. Polymer pellets are dried (as needed) and plasticized in a heated barrel; a rotating screw melts and homogenizes the material, then injects it at controlled velocity and pressure into a closed mold via a sprue/runner/gate system. The cavity is packed to compensate shrinkage, held under pressure, then cooled (or cured for thermosets) before ejection. Critical parameters include melt and mould temperatures, screw speed, injection/packing pressure, switchover point, holding time, and cooling time; these govern dimensional stability, surface quality, and warpage. Commonly processed materials are PP, PE, ABS, PC, PA, PBT, POM, TPU, and glass‑ or mineral‑filled compounds; for thermosets, phenolics and epoxy systems. Tooling comprises hardened or hardened and tempered steel or corrosion resistant steel, copper alloys or aluminum moulds with parting lines, cores/cavities, side actions, hot‑runner or cold‑runner systems, venting, conformal or conventional cooling, and surface textures/coatings. Applications span automotive interior/exterior parts, medical disposables, housings and connectors in electronics, packaging closures, appliances, and precision gears or optics.